Resveratrol is believed to activate sirtuin genes, which are a group of genes that regulate cellular metabolism and are involved in the aging process. Sirtuins are thought to play a role in maintaining the health and function of cells, and activating these genes may have anti-aging effects.

Resveratrol is believed to activate sirtuins by mimicking the effects of calorie restriction, which is a known way to extend lifespan and reduce the risk of age-related diseases. Calorie restriction has been shown to increase the activity of sirtuin genes, and resveratrol is thought to have a similar effect.

Activation of sirtuin genes has been linked to a number of potential health benefits:

1. Reducing inflammation
2. Protecting against oxidative stress
3. Promoting cellular repair

N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC is the precursor to the antioxidant glutathione in the body (one of the most powerful antioxidant protection for your cells) and plays a critical role in the regulation of multiple cell activities and helps to maintain immune function.

NAC, by boosting glutathione levels, helps defend against oxidative stress--a disruption of the balance between free-radical production and antioxidant protections, which can damage cells-may help contribute to cell protective effects.  NAC can therefore reduce free radical damage to your cells by increasing glutathione production in all of your cells, particularly the liver.

The liver distributes glutathione to all of your organs, including the lungs, kidneys, and bone marrow, where it repairs damage. NAC eliminates environmental toxins and pollutants, such as heavy metals that build up in the liver and kidneys.

CoQ10, short for Coenzyme Q10, is a naturally occurring, vitamin-like compound produced by your body that is found in nearly all cells.

Many studies have demonstrated benefits to Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) taken as a supplement, the majority derived from its critical role in oxygen utilisation and energy production.

It is a powerful lipid antioxidant that prevents the formation of free radicals and the modification of proteins, lipids, and DNA. CoQ10 supplementation has been shown to reduce free radical damage in the body, regulate the body's response to inflammation, and even improve deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) repair systems. Because CoQ10 levels in your body decline as you age, supplementing with this incredible molecule may help to slow down the ageing process, given that adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is used for all body functions, and that oxidative damage is devastating for cells.

Quercetin is a plant pigment (Flavonoids) Quercetin is a naturally occurring plant chemical found in some foods and beverages, such as apples, tea, and onions. The beneficial effects of flavonoids such as quercetin stem from their ability to act as antioxidants within the body. Free radicals that damage cell membranes and tamper with DNA can be neutralised by antioxidants. Quercetin is one of the most effective inducers of phase II detoxification enzymes when compared to other flavonoids.

Quercetin may aid in the prevention of heart disease and cancer. Quercetin can also help to stabilise the cells in the body that release histamine, providing an anti-inflammatory and antihistamine effect.

Quercetin, caffeic acid and Resveratrol regulate circadian clock genes and aging-related genes in young and old human lung fibroblast cells.

Astaxanthin is naturally produced by freshwater microalgae and yeast fungi. When algae are under stress, they produce astaxanthin. Astaxanthin is a carotenoid derived from xanthophyll, which is the most abundant carotenoid in marine organisms.  Astaxanthin is a red-pink pigment found in a variety of seafood, as well as in flamingos and quails feathers. The microalgae containing astaxanthin create a deep red pigment as a means to protect from harmful, drying sunrays.

Astaxanthin is one of nature's most potent antioxidants and it is more than 65 times stronger as an antioxidant than Vitamin C, more than 50 times stronger than beta-carotene, and 14 times stronger than Vitamin E in combating free radicals. 

Astaxanthin reduces the rate of mutation accumulation and increases the longevity of cells from DNA repair-deficient mutants.

Green coffee extract is made from unroasted, green coffee beans containing  a number of active compounds, including caffeine and chlorogenic acid, which are thought to have potential health benefits. Green coffee extract has a role in weight loss and physical and mental performance.

Some of the potential effects of green coffee extract on weight loss, physical and mental performance include:

1. Weight loss: it is thought that the chlorogenic acid in green coffee extract may help to reduce the absorption of fat and glucose in the body, which could contribute to weight loss.
2. Improved physical performance: Green coffee extract contains caffeine, which is a stimulant that may help to improve physical performance by increasing energy levels and alertness.
3. Improved mental performance: Caffeine is also known to improve mental performance by increasing alertness and improving cognitive function, including memory and attention.

Inositol is a type of carbohydrate that is found in small amounts in grains, nuts, and fruits. The mechanism of action of inositol is not fully understood, but it is thought to play a role in a number of physiological processes in the body.

Some of the ways in which inositol may act in the body include:

1. Regulating insulin sensitivity and reducing the risk of insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is a condition in which the body becomes less sensitive to the effects of insulin, which can lead to high blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.
2. Modulating signalling pathways of cells, which that cells use to communicate with each other. Inositol may help to modulate these pathways, which could have effects on a variety of physiological processes.
3. Regulating neurotransmitter signalling: Inositol is involved in the synthesis and metabolism of neurotransmitters, which are chemical compounds that transmit signals between neurons in the brain.

Inulin is a plant compound that serves as a primary energy source. For humans, it’s a source of dietary fiber linked to numerous health benefits, including better digestive performance, blood sugar regulation, and even weight loss.

Inulin weight loss occurs due to decreasing feelings of hunger, which can help with regulating appetite and food intake. In one study, people consuming higher levels of inulin report decreased appetite for sweet, salty and fatty food.In addition, as a soluble fibre, it also helps you feel fuller for longer. 

Inulin slows digestion, allowing sugar to be released more slowly. This helps keep blood sugar levels in healthy check. Studies have shown that prebiotics like inulin can reduce inflammation. A 2013 study published in Diabetes and Metabolism Journal found that 10 grams of inulin daily over a two-month trial period resulted in significant decreases in fasting blood glucose levels.

As a result, Inulin may play a positive role in helping control Type 2 diabetes

Garcinia cambogia is a tropical fruit native to Indonesia and is grown in many parts of the world, including India, Southeast Asia, and West and Central Africa. The active ingredient in Garcinia cambogia is hydroxycitric acid (HCA), which is believed to have weight loss and metabolism-boosting properties.

Garcinia cambogia benefits include::

1. Weight loss by inhibiting the enzyme that converts excess carbohydrates into fat and by increasing the production of serotonin, a neurotransmitter that helps regulate appetite and mood. 
2. Increased energy
3. Improved mood

Type 1 marine collagen may help to support fibroblast activity and collagen production, which may help to reduce the signs of aging.

Fibroblasts are cells that are responsible for producing collagen and other extracellular matrix (ECM) components. As we age, the activity and number of fibroblasts decrease, leading to a decrease in collagen production and a decline in the integrity of the ECM. This can result in signs of ageing such as wrinkles, thinning skin, and reduced skin elasticity.

Type 1 marine collagen may stimulate fibroblasts to produce more collagen, which could lead to an increase in collagen production and improved skin health. Type 1 marine collagen peptides can activate fibroblasts, leading to an increase in collagen production, as well as an increase in the activity of other enzymes and signalling molecules that are involved in ECM synthesis and remodelling.

Bilberry, a blueberry-like fruit that grows on a shrub native to Europe and North America with a number of skin benefits and reducing the appearance of ageing.

Research suggests that bilberry may be effective at:

1. Protecting the skin from oxidative stress: Bilberry contains antioxidants, which may help to protect the skin from the damaging effects of free radicals which can damage cells and contribute to the development of fine lines, wrinkles, and other signs of ageing.
2. Reducing inflammation: anti-inflammatory properties, which may help to reduce inflammation in the skin and reduce the appearance of redness and irritation.
3. Promoting collagen production: collagen is a protein that helps to give the skin its structure and elasticity. Bilberry may promote collagen production, which could help to improve the appearance of the skin and reduce the appearance of wrinkles and fine lines.

Lutein is also believed to have potential benefits for the skin. Some studies suggest that it may protect the skin from damage caused by UV radiation, which can lead to wrinkles, age spots, and skin cancer.

Lutein may help to improve the skin's hydration and elasticity, which can lead to a more youthful appearance. It may also help to reduce the appearance of dark circles and puffiness under the eyes.

Lutein has strong antioxidant properties which can help to neutralise the harmful effects of free radicals. These are molecules that can damage cells and contribute to the ageing process. By neutralising free radicals, lutein may help to protect the skin from damage caused by environmental factors such as pollution and UV radiation.

It also helps to reduce oxidative stress which can cause inflammation in the skin leading to different type of skin issues.

Medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) are a type of fat found in coconut oil and other foods. MCT oil is a supplement made from purified MCTs and is commonly used to increase the intake of MCTs in the diet.

The mechanism of action of MCT oil is thought to involve the unique properties of MCTs, which are absorbed and metabolised differently than other types of fats. MCTs are rapidly absorbed and can be used by the body as an alternative energy source to glucose. This may help to increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, which may contribute to weight loss.

MCTs are also able to cross the blood-brain barrier, making them an alternative energy source for the brain. This may help to improve brain function in people with certain conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy.

In addition to their effects on energy metabolism and brain function, MCTs may also have other beneficial effects on the body. For example, they may help to increase endurance and reduce muscle fatigue in athletes, improve the digestion of fats in people with fat malabsorption disorders, and increase the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.

Digezyme is a dietary supplement that contains a combination of enzymes that are thought to aid in the digestion of food. Enzymes are proteins that catalyse chemical reactions in the body, including the breakdown of food into smaller molecules that can be absorbed and used by the body.

The specific mechanism of action of Digezyme depends on the specific enzymes it contains. Some common enzymes in Digezyme include:

1. Amylase: This enzyme breaks down carbohydrates, such as starch, into simpler sugars that can be absorbed and used by the body.
2. Lipase: This enzyme breaks down fats into simpler molecules called fatty acids and glycerol that can be absorbed and used by the body.
3. Protease: This enzyme breaks down proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids that can be absorbed and used by the body.

By breaking down food into smaller, more easily absorbed molecules, enzymes like those found in Digezyme may help to improve digestion and reduce digestive symptoms such as bloating, gas, and indigestion.

Normal microbiome, which is the collection of microorganisms that live in and on the human body. Bifidobacteria are considered beneficial because they help to maintain the balance of the microbiome and may have a number of health benefits.

Bifidobacteria are thought to have a number of potential health benefits, including:

1. Supporting the immune system by producing substances that inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria and by stimulating the production of immune cells.
2. Improving digestion: Bifidobacteria help to break down complex sugars and fibres that cannot be digested by the body. This may help to improve digestion and reduce the risk of digestive disorders such as constipation and diarrhoea.
3. Reducing the risk of certain diseases: Some studies have suggested that bifidobacteria may help to reduce the risk of certain diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, allergies, and infections.

Bifidobacteria can be found in fermented foods such as yogurt and kefir, as well as in some dietary supplements.